Lesson 5  Forces of Flight
Objectives Description Subject Areas Skills Class Organization Materials Necessary Skills Time Required Lesson Preparation Classroom Lesson Evaluation Applicable Notes     CAT II Flight Simulator Interior   Floor Plan Click Image	Objectives Flight Simulator 98 Teacher's Guide (5) Forces Of Flight Use Microsoft Flight Simulator 98 to help students: Gain a basic understanding of using Flight Simulator 98 Learn to use the “Help” menu. Learn to use the "Flight School", "Ground School" section. Understand the information contained in "The Four Forces Of Flight". Description The Microsoft Flight Simulator 98 “Pilot’s Help” section is designed as a complete, self-passed ground school.  It is highly recommend that all sections be printed and copied for student use.  Ideally, students should have a copy of the “Pilot’s Help” section, and the Training Simulator workstation should be projected onto the two large screen monitors above the CAT II Main Simulator for the entire class to see.  The “Pilot’s Help” section contains an excellent ground school to help students understand the basics of flight, but it is recommended that other resources be used to help supplement the instruction.  In this section, students will learn about the Four Forces Of Flight. Subject Areas This section is appropriate for classes studying Microsoft Flight Simulator "Using Flight Simulator" sections of the "Pilots Help". The Four Forces Of Flight.   Skills To complete this activity, students must:    Gain a basic understanding for using the “Pilot’s Help” section.    Learn to use "Using Flight Simulator".    Understand and explain the Four Forces Of Flight.   Class Organization Depending on the number of available computers, as well as projection devices, the instructor can modify the activity to work with an entire class or with individual students.  It is highly recommended that all students have a complete printed copy of the “Pilot’s Help” section and that the Training Simulator be switched to display on the two 31” monitors above the CAT II Main Simulator so the entire class can follow along with lessons.  Materials All students should have a printed copy of the “Pilot’s Help”, “Flight School” section.  Students can go through the activities at a computer station or as a group using the large screen monitors.  Other materials such as aircraft diagrams, model planes, and pictures are useful.  A wide variety of resources can be found on the Internet.  The instructor should demonstrate flight controls on the Training Simulator and switch the output to display on the 31" monitors so the entire class can see the result of flight control input. Skills Needed In order to complete this activity, the instructor should have a complete understanding of using Microsoft Flight Simulator 98 and the “Pilots Help” section.    Be able to open the “Pilot’s Help” Section.  Go to the “Help” menu on the main Flight Simulator 98 screen.  Highlight “Contents” and then open the folder you would like to work with.    Be able to navigate through the help items.    Be able to use the "Using Flight Simulator" section.    Understand all the material in "Ground School",  "Introduction".    Understand the Four Forces Of Flight, Center Of Gravity, and Load Factor.      Time Required Two class periods.  It is important that students completely read these sections prior to class.   Preparing for this Lesson Here are some ideas and hints to help the instructor prepare students for the lesson:   Make sure that all students have a printed copy of the “Pilot’s Help” section.   Students can work individually or in groups.   If the two large screen monitors are being used for the CAT II Main Simulator, consider making an overhead transparency copy of the “Pilot’s Help” section so the entire class can follow.  It is important that the students be able to see an example that demonstrates the tasks. If that is not possible, bring up the help menu on a workstation for students to observe.   Students should read the "Flight School", Ground School", and "Introduction" sections.   Students should be able to demonstrate their knowledge through verbal and written tests. Classroom Lesson In this lesson, take students through all the functions of the “Pilot’s Help”, "Flight School", "Ground School",  and "Introduction" portion of Flight Simulator 98.  Although it is not practical for every student to have a workstation they will have a printed copy of the section.  It is important that they know how to use this section.  The student's printed material should be arranged in the same order as the “Pilot’s Help” section of the program.  The “Pilot’s Help” section will be the main resource tool for the entire project.  Students should use the Related Topic Section. The main idea behind this lesson is to give students an understanding of The Four Forces Of Flight. Students should have a basic understanding of the following: Lift Weight (Gravity) Drag Thrust Airspeed Angle Of Attack Load Factor G Forces Parasite Drag Induced Drag Center of Gravity Evaluation Basic Understanding The evaluation process is divided into three categories. 1.  Basic Understanding:  Students should have a basic understanding of concepts.  This category includes true/false, multiple choice, verbal and simulation applications tests. 2.  Understanding and Application:  Students should have an understanding of concepts, and they should be able to apply them.  This evaluation category includes essay, fill in the blank, and flight simulation applications tests. 3.  Complete Understanding:  This is a critical area.  Students should have a complete understanding of this area before progressing to the next lesson.  These lessons include concepts that the students must know in order to successfully complete the unit on flight and apply what they are learning on the simulators. Notes Students need to have an understanding of the Four Forces of Flight.  All can be related to Newton's Third Law of Motion. " For every action, there is an opposite and equal reaction" Simple rules: Weight is caused by the force of gravity.  In order to counter the force of weight an aircraft must create lift that is greater than the weight.  Lift is mainly created by the wings. Students should fully understand the "Bernoulli Principle.  It basically states that "if you increase the velocity of a liquid or gas, then the pressure will decrease.  A wing is designed to make air travel over the top faster than the bottom. There will be a decrease of pressure on top of the wing. You can demonstrate this idea by placing a piece of paper into a book about a fourth of the way down. Let it fall over to the side. Place the book so the trailing edge of the paper is away from you. Now, blow across the paper. the paper will rise. Students should also understand the downward component of air.  As air moves over the wing, it tends to be deflected downward.  Again, if there is an opposite and equal reaction to the air going downward, then the wing must move up. Science is just now studying this force on lift. Thrust is created by the hot exhaust of the jet engine or the force created by the propellers.  The engine must produce enough thrust to move the aircraft forward fast enough to create lift on the wings. Drag is created by the friction of air over the aircraft.  Parasite drag is created by the normal airflow over the airplane.  If you have ever put your hand outside a car window, then you understand drag.   Copyright © 1999 Advanced Simulation Systems, Inc. Microsoft is a registered trademark and the Genuine Microsoft Products Logo is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation in the United States of America and in other countries. All Brand names are trademarks of their respective owners.