Lesson 4  Flight Controls
Objectives Description Subject Areas Skills Class Organization Materials Necessary Skills Time Required Lesson Preparation Classroom Lesson Evaluation Applicable Notes     CAT II Flight Simulator Interior   Floor Plan Click Image	Objectives Flight Simulator 98 Teacher's Guide (4) Flight Controls Use Microsoft Flight Simulator 98 to help students: Gain a basic understanding of using Flight Simulator 98 Learn to use the “Help” menu. Learn to use the "Flight School", "Ground School" section. Understand the information contained in "Operating Airplane Control Surfaces, Primary and Secondary Controls, The Axes of Flight". Description The Microsoft Flight Simulator 98 “Pilot’s Help” section is designed as a complete, self-passed ground school.  It is highly recommend that all sections be printed and copied for student use.  Ideally, students should have a copy of the “Pilot’s Help” section, and the Training Simulator workstation should be projected onto the two large screen monitors above the CAT II Main Simulator for the entire class to see.  The “Pilot’s Help” section contains an excellent ground school to help students understand the basics of flight, but it is recommended that other resources be used to help supplement the instruction.  In this section, students will learn about Primary and Secondary flight controls, the axes of flight and related topics. Subject Areas This section is appropriate for classes studying Microsoft Flight Simulator "Using Flight Simulator" sections of the "Pilots Help". Operating Flight Control Surfaces. Primary and Secondary Flight Controls. The Axes of Flight. Related Topics.   Skills To complete this activity, students must:    Gain a basic understanding for using the “Pilot’s Help” section.    Learn to use "Using Flight Simulator".    Understand and explain control surfaces operation.    Understand and explain Primary and Secondary controls, and the 3 axes of flight.    Learn to use the printed materials.   Class Organization Depending on the number of available computers, as well as projection devices, the instructor can modify the activity to work with an entire class or with individual students.  It is highly recommended that all students have a complete printed copy of the “Pilot’s Help” section and that the Training Simulator be switched to display on the two 31” monitors above the CAT II Main Simulator so the entire class can follow along with lessons.  Materials All students should have a printed copy of the “Pilot’s Help”, “Flight School” section.  Students can go through the activities at a computer station or as a group using the large screen monitors.  Other materials such as aircraft diagrams, model planes, and pictures are useful.  A wide variety of resources can be found on the Internet.  The instructor should demonstrate flight controls on the Training Simulator and switch the output to display on the 31" monitors so the entire class can see the result of flight control input. Skills Needed In order to complete this activity, the instructor should have a complete understanding of using Microsoft Flight Simulator 98 and the “Pilots Help” section.    Be able to open the “Pilot’s Help” Section.  Go to the “Help” menu on the main Flight Simulator 98 screen.  Highlight “Contents” and then open the folder you would like to work with.    Be able to navigate through the help items.    Be able to use the "Using Flight Simulator" section.    Understand Aircraft Controls and the 3 axes of flight.    Understand all the material in "Ground School",  "Introduction".    Understand how to use Ailerons, Elevators, Rudder, Trim Controls, and Flaps.      Time Required Two class periods.  It is important that students completely read these sections prior to class.   Preparing for this Lesson Here are some ideas and hints to help the instructor prepare students for the lesson:   Make sure that all students have a printed copy of the “Pilot’s Help” section.   Students can work individually or in groups.   If the two large screen monitors are being used for the CAT II Main Simulator, consider making an overhead transparency copy of the “Pilot’s Help” section so the entire class can follow.  It is important that the students be able to see an example that demonstrates the tasks. If that is not possible, bring up the help menu on a workstation for students to observe.   Students should read the "Flight School", Ground School", and "Introduction" sections.   Students should be able to demonstrate their knowledge through verbal and written test questions. Classroom Lesson In this lesson, take students through all the functions of the “Pilot’s Help”, "Flight School", "Ground School",  and "Introduction" portion of Flight Simulator 98.  Although it is not practical for every student to have a workstation they will have a printed copy of the section.  It is important that they know how to use this section.  The student's printed material should be arranged in the same order as the “Pilot’s Help” section of the program.  The “Pilot’s Help” section will be the main resource tool for the entire project.  Groups of two students should practice all commands. The main idea behind this lesson is to give students an understanding of Aircraft Flight Controls and the three axes of flight. Students should have a basic understanding of the following: Control Surfaces Primary and Secondary Flight Controls The three axes of flight Ailerons Rudder Elevator Trim Flaps Newton's Laws of Motion Longitudinal, Vertical and Lateral Evaluation Basic Understanding The evaluation process is divided into three categories. 1.  Basic Understanding:  Students should have a basic understanding of concepts.  This category includes true/false, multiple choice, verbal and simulation applications tests. 2.  Understanding and Application:  Students should have an understanding of concepts, and they should be able to apply them.  This evaluation category includes essay, fill in the blank, and flight simulation applications tests. 3.  Complete Understanding:  This is a critical area.  Students should have a complete understanding of this area before progressing to the next lesson.  These lessons include concepts that the students must know in order to successfully complete the unit on flight and apply what they are learning on the simulators. Notes Students need to have an understanding of how the aircraft flight control surfaces work and how that relates to the three axes of flight. All can be related to Newton's Third Law of Motion. " For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction" Simple rules: Ailerons on most aircraft are located on the trailing outside edge of the wing. When one aileron moves up the other moves down. The aileron that moves up deflects the air up. Going back to Newton's Third Law, if the air is deflected up, then the wing will move down. The opposite will be true of the other wing. Ailerons control the aircraft along the longitudinal axis. Elevators are usually located on the horizontal tail surface. Students should understand that when the elevator is moved up. air is deflected up so the tail moves down. Since the tail is attached to the rest of the plane, the nose moves up. Elevators control the aircraft pitch along the lateral axis.  The Rudder operates just like a boat. It swings the tail left or right. Students need to understand that the rudder does not turn the aircraft on it's own but works with other surfaces to turn the aircraft. The rudder is used to make minor adjustments in direction, in cross wind conditions, to help steer the aircraft at high speeds on the ground, and to counter the left-turning tendency of most aircraft. Students should get the chance to move the flight yoke or stick and watch the reaction of the control surfaces from the outside view so they see the relationship. Flaps are used to give additional lift to the aircraft for takeoff and landing. The additional lift the flaps create allow planes to takeoff and land at lower speeds. This means less time on the ground and the ability to use less runway distance. Keep in mind that the flaps also create additional drag. Some aircraft have trim devices located on the elevator, rudder and or ailerons. This allows the pilot to trim the aircraft in flight so that he can take pressure off the stick/yoke and make it easier to fly.  Over time, some aircraft will fly crooked. Trim devices can be used to make the aircraft fly straight.   Copyright © 1999 Advanced Simulation Systems, Inc. Microsoft is a registered trademark and the Genuine Microsoft Products Logo is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation in the United States of America and in other countries. All Brand names are trademarks of their respective owners.